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Settings Service

File: src/cofounder_agent/services/settings_service.py Tested by: src/cofounder_agent/tests/unit/services/test_settings_service.py Last reviewed: 2026-04-30

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What it does

SettingsService is the write path for the app_settings table: upsert, delete, and category-scoped reads. It also has a TTL-cached read path (get, get_all) that the /api/settings route handler and the OpenClaw setting-management UI use directly. Every other service in the codebase reads settings through SiteConfig (docs/architecture/services/site_config.md), which has its own in-memory cache populated at startup. SettingsService is the layer that mutates the underlying table; SiteConfig is the layer that exposes it to consumers. When a setting is written here, downstream readers won’t see it until either SiteConfig.reload() is called or the app restarts. It’s instantiated once in main.py lifespan (SettingsService(db_pool)) and registered in services.container under the key "settings". It’s distinct from SiteConfig — SettingsService is async-everywhere, takes a raw asyncpg pool, and hits the DB on every write.

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Public API

• SettingsService(pool) — constructor. Stores the asyncpg pool and initializes an empty cache with a 60-second TTL.
• await svc.get(key, default=None) -> str | None — TTL-cached read. Falls back to the uppercase env var when the DB row is empty, matching SiteConfig.get() semantics for migration compatibility. Records the key into the process-wide services.settings_read_sink so FlushSettingsReadTelemetryJob stamps app_settings.last_read_at (poindexter#756). get_all/get_by_category deliberately do NOT record — those bulk/admin reads would stamp the whole table and blind the zero-reader probe.
• await svc.get_by_category(category) -> dict[str, str] — {key: value} for every cached row whose category column matches.
• await svc.set(key, value, category=None, description=None, is_secret=None) — upsert. Optional fields are only updated on conflict if explicitly passed (None means “leave the existing column alone”). Invalidates the local cache so the next get_* call re-fetches.
• await svc.delete(key) — DELETE by key. Logs the result string and invalidates the cache.
• await svc.get_all(include_secrets=False) -> list[dict] — full dump of [{key, value, category, description, is_secret, updated_at}], sorted by key. Secret values are replaced with "********" unless include_secrets=True.
• await svc.refresh_cache() — force a re-read from DB. Called automatically by _ensure_cache() when the cache is empty or stale.

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Key behaviors / invariants

• Cache is per-instance, not process-global. SettingsService has its own dict; SiteConfig has its own dict. Writing through this service does NOT update SiteConfig’s cache. Callers that depend on the new value must either go through SettingsService for the read too, or call app.state.site_config.reload(pool) afterward.
• TTL is 60 seconds, hardcoded. Set in __init__ as self._cache_ttl = 60. Not currently DB-configurable.
• Cache invalidation is a 0-timestamp reset, not a clear. set() and delete() both set self._last_refresh = 0, so the next read triggers refresh_cache() rather than waiting out the TTL.
• Secret masking is opt-out, not opt-in. get_all() masks any row with is_secret=true unless the caller explicitly passes include_secrets=True. The single-key get() returns the real value with no masking — secret-aware UI surfaces should use get_all() or check is_secret separately.
• get() env-var fallback is uppercased. await svc.get("foo_bar") falls through to os.getenv("FOO_BAR"). This matches SiteConfig but means setting foo_bar in the DB to "" (empty string) will silently fall through to env — empty isn’t the same as “no row.”
• Write fields with COALESCE. The upsert SQL uses COALESCE($N, app_settings.<col>) for category, description, is_secret — so passing None preserves the existing value rather than overwriting with NULL.

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Configuration

SettingsService reads no app_settings keys itself. Its only configuration is the constructor’s pool argument and the hardcoded _cache_ttl = 60 constant. The schema it operates against (app_settings table) has columns: key TEXT PRIMARY KEY, value TEXT, category TEXT DEFAULT 'general', description TEXT, is_secret BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE, updated_at TIMESTAMP.

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Dependencies

• Reads from:
  • app_settings table (full table scan in refresh_cache).
• Writes to:
  • app_settings table (single-row upserts and deletes).
• External APIs: none.
• Callers:
  • main.py lifespan — instantiates and registers it.
  • services.container — stores it under key "settings" for DI.
  • /api/settings and /api/settings/{key} route handlers — use it for both reads (with masking) and writes.
  • OpenClaw setting-management UI — same routes.

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Failure modes

• DB connection failure during refresh_cache() — caught, logged as error, leaves self._cache in its previous state. Subsequent get() calls serve stale data. This is intentional — better to serve a 60-second-old value than to error out the request — but means a long DB outage will eventually serve very stale data with no alarm raised here. Watch the application-level DB-health alerts.
• Write failure — set() and delete() propagate asyncpg exceptions to the caller (no swallow). The cache is NOT invalidated on failure, so a failed write doesn’t leave the cache in a bogus state.
• Race between writers — two concurrent set() calls are serialized by Postgres’ INSERT ... ON CONFLICT. The cache reset flag is set unconditionally, so the next read always sees the winner.
• Cache-vs-SiteConfig divergence — if you write a value through SettingsService and immediately read through SiteConfig, you may see the old value until either (a) the calling layer triggers SiteConfig.reload(pool), or (b) you restart the app. The /api/settings PUT handler should call reload() after a successful write — verify in the route code if you suspect this is out of sync.

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Common ops

• Set a value via Python (one-off script):
  await services["settings"].set(
      "daily_spend_limit_usd", "5.00",
      category="cost_guard", description="Daily LLM spend cap"
  )
  
• Set a value via CLI: poindexter settings set <key> <value> — wraps this service through the API.
• List everything (with secrets revealed):
  rows = await services["settings"].get_all(include_secrets=True)
  
  Don’t log the result — secrets included means secrets in logs.
• Force a cache refresh: await services["settings"].refresh_cache(). Useful from a debug endpoint or one-off shell.
• Find which categories exist: SELECT DISTINCT category FROM app_settings ORDER BY 1;
• Check the cache TTL: it’s hardcoded to 60s — if you need it shorter for development, change self._cache_ttl in __init__. (Long-term, this should be an app_settings key like settings_service_cache_ttl_seconds per the project’s “config in DB, not code” stance.)

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See also

• docs/architecture/services/site_config.md — the read path used by every service. Read its “How callers should plumb the instance” section before adding a new consumer.
• services.settings_defaults.seed_all_defaults — populates new keys with sensible defaults at startup so a fresh DB doesn’t need manual seeding.
• feedback_db_first_config (operator design note) — the project’s “everything tunable in DB” policy this service enforces.
• feedback_no_silent_defaults (operator design note) — note that the env-var fallback in get() is the ONE silent default the project tolerates, kept only for migration compatibility.